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The purpose of a ground rod in electrical installations is primarily to provide a direct electrical connection to the earth for grounding purposes. This connection is crucial because it establishes a safe path for electric current to dissipate into the ground in the event of a fault, such as a short circuit or lightning strike. By effectively grounding the electrical system, a ground rod helps to protect both people and equipment from electrical shock and damage.

Grounding also helps to stabilize voltage levels in the electrical system and can reduce the risk of interference from electrical noise, though that is not its primary function. The grounding system serves an essential safety role, ensuring that any stray currents are safely redirected into the earth, which can prevent potential hazards.