In a transformer, the voltage in the secondary winding is proportional to what ratio?

In a transformer, the voltage in the secondary winding is directly proportional to the ratio of the number of turns of wire in the secondary coil to the number of turns in the primary coil. This relationship is based on Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, which states that the induced voltage in a coil is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux through the coil.

Since the primary coil generates a magnetic field when an alternating current flows through it, the secondary coil will also have an induced voltage proportional to how many turns of wire it has compared to the primary coil. If the secondary coil has more turns than the primary, the voltage in the secondary will be higher than in the primary (step-up transformer). Conversely, if it has fewer turns, the secondary will have a lower voltage (step-down transformer).

This principle is fundamental to transformer operation and illustrates how voltage transformation is accomplished by adjusting the number of turns in the coils. The other choices, while related to electrical systems and transformers, do not directly define the proportional relationship governing the voltage output of a transformer.