What is a primary function of a transformer in electrical systems?

A primary function of a transformer in electrical systems is to increase or decrease voltage levels. Transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction and are designed to either boost (step-up) or reduce (step-down) the alternating current (AC) voltage in a circuit without changing the frequency. This ability to alter voltage levels enables efficient power distribution over long distances, ensuring that electricity reaches homes and businesses at usable levels while minimizing energy loss during transmission.

The process involves winding copper coils around a magnetic core, where the number of turns in the primary coil compared to the secondary coil dictates whether the voltage is increased or decreased. For instance, in a step-up transformer, the secondary coil has more turns than the primary coil, resulting in a higher voltage output. Conversely, in a step-down transformer, the primary coil has more turns than the secondary coil, leading to a lower voltage output.

Other functions such as converting AC to DC, protecting circuits, or measuring current are not relevant to the fundamental operation of transformers. Instead, these tasks are typically performed by other specialized devices like rectifiers, circuit breakers, or ammeters in electrical systems. Thus, the ability to manage voltage levels is what makes transformers essential to the effective and safe transmission and utilization of electrical power.